Religion in Mozambique

Mozambique is a secular state. The Constitution separates the state from religious communities and protects the freedom to practise a religion, change religion, practise no religion and conduct worship in public or private. It prohibits discrimination, persecution and disadvantage based on faith, conviction or religious practice. Religious communities may organize themselves, carry out religious activities, own property and protect places of worship within the law. The state also recognizes their contribution to tolerance, peace, unity and social welfare. Conscientious objection exists under conditions set by law, and political parties may not use religious names or symbols. The 2017 official census recorded Catholics at 27.3%, Muslims at 19.1%, Evangelical and Pentecostal Christians at 16.7%, Zione or Sião communities at 16.3%, people reporting no religion at 13.5%, Anglicans at 1.7%, other religions at 4.3% and unknown affiliation at 1.2%. These categories have methodological limits and do not separately capture all indigenous or syncretic forms of belief. Christian communities are present throughout the country. Islam has a particularly strong presence in northern and coastal areas; Cabo Delgado was reported in 2023 as the only province with a Muslim majority, while Nampula, Niassa and other provinces also have substantial Muslim communities. Southern areas, including Maputo, are more strongly Christian, but local conditions should be checked for a specific community or service. Common religious institutions and communities include the Catholic Church, Anglican Church, Presbyterian Church of Mozambique, Methodist, Baptist and Seventh-day Adventist churches, African independent churches, Evangelical, Pentecostal and Charismatic churches, Sunni and other Muslim communities, Zione or Sião groups, and smaller Jewish, Hindu and Baha'i communities. Local terms include igreja for church, mesquita for mosque, culto for worship, madrassa for Islamic religious education and Dia da Família for the official name of 25 December. Christian and Muslim practice may also coexist with family and ancestral traditions; census categories should not be treated as a complete description of these combinations. The Ministry of Justice, Constitutional and Religious Affairs, commonly called MJCR, is the main national state body connected with religious registration and oversight. Under the available 2023 legal position, religious groups and organizations could be registered through the MJCR within the non-governmental organization framework. Applications may require identity documents for local leaders and, where relevant, proof of an international affiliation. Registration was practically useful for matters such as opening a bank account, seeking customs exemptions or supporting visa applications, even though no sanction for an unregistered group was reported in the available research. Financial reporting and record retention can also be affected by rules on money laundering and terrorist financing. The Catholic Church additionally has legal-person status through an agreement with the Holy See. A Council of Ministers bill announced on 28 October 2025 proposed replacing Law No. 4/71 on religious freedom and worship, but it should not be treated as current law unless it has been enacted. Public education is constitutionally non-confessional, and religious instruction is not part of the public-school system. Religious organizations may operate schools, churches, mosques, madrassas, Sunday schools and other community education, subject to education law and the applicable institutional requirements. There is no single national confessional curriculum that applies to all public schools. 25 December is included in the national public holiday list as Dia da Família and coincides with Christmas for Christian communities. Good Friday, Easter, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha were not listed as general state public holidays in the consulted national list. Muslim dates follow the lunar calendar and change each year. Employers, schools and institutions may have their own arrangements, so the current holiday announcement should be checked for a particular date. Religious communities commonly organize worship, prayer, preaching, Bible or Quran teaching, fasting, almsgiving, community assistance, pilgrimages and celebrations according to their traditions. Contributions, tithes, membership payments, lessons, ceremonies and funerals have no uniform national tariff; amounts and timing depend on the community, place and service. Access can also depend on language, residence, age, gender, membership expectations and the security situation. Conflict and displacement in Cabo Delgado have affected religious buildings, travel and community access. Violence in that region should not automatically be classified as purely religious because social, political and economic factors also matter. Religious life events include Christian baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, marriage and funerals; Muslim nikah, prayer, circumcision and funerals; and family or ancestral rites. A religious or traditional marriage must be registered under the Family Law framework. It can acquire civil legal effect through transcription or entry in the state register, so a ceremony alone is not a reliable substitute for official registration. No religious, traditional, local or administrative authority may legitimize a union involving a child, and marriage, consent, inheritance and protection remain governed by the state legal framework. Religious dialogue is supported through bodies and networks such as the Christian Council of Mozambique, known as CCM, the Islamic Council of Mozambique, known as CISLAMO, Catholic and Muslim leaderships, peace clubs and faith-based organizations. Their work includes peacebuilding, tolerance, social assistance and humanitarian support, including cooperation connected with displaced people in Nampula and Cabo Delgado. These are civil-society and faith-based arrangements rather than a single mandatory state religious institution.